@beckett50 thanks for this. Reading it closely again, I am interested in scenario 3. It used to be that if the blue team didn't engage there was no maul so you could go around and try to tackle the ball carrier. When did this change?
ALso, currently Law 18.32 says: Until the ball is thrown in, and has touched the player or the ground, the offside line for lineout players is the mark of touch. After that, their offside line is a line through the ball.
so in this case, red has touched the ball, there is no maul so surely the offside line is thru the ball?
thanks